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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Plutarch report of Cato during this civil war?

2. What did Plutarch report of Phocion's temperament?

3. How did Plutarch report Caesar lost his position as Dictator?

4. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?

5. Who does Plutarch report took in Cato and his siblings after they were orphaned, and for what was this person known?

Short Essay Questions

1. Plutarch reports that Phocion had a continuously frowning look, what is a summary of Phocions quote to Chare when he remarked on his countenance?

2. What did Plutarch determine to be the difference in how Agesilaus and Pompey came to power?

3. What does Plutarch identify as the cause of Alexander turning against his father, Philip?

4. What kind of commander did Plutarch consider Sertorius to be, and where did he fight and defeat Pompey?

5. What skill did Plutarch claim Caesar used to start building political influence in the Senate?

6. Why does Plutarch claim Caesar left Rome while he was a young man?

7. How did Plutarch report the death of Cato?

8. Why did Ptolemy's son, according to Plutarch, place Cleomenes under house arrest while he was in exile in Egypt?

9. What does Plutarch report came of the Athens military when the Athenian Assembly went against Phocion's recommendations not to enter a war with Philip of Macedon?

10. Where does Plutarch report Caesar traveled to for conquests after he was elected as part of the Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the rhetorical styles of Demosthenes and Cicero. Use quotes from Plutarch's lives to make your illustrations. In the comparison identify the affects that each speaker had on his audiences, legislative bodies, and on the support or opposition of people in powerful positions.

Essay Topic 2

Tiberius Gracchus was responded to the needs of homeless soldiers who's property was taken by legal schemes made by land owners while the soldiers were fighting wars. Investigate the reasons the soldiers were fighting the wars that took them from their homes, how wealthy land owners were in a position to manipulate laws, and how Tiberius was able to get land reform laws passed in spite of opposition in the senate. Summarize your essay with a position statement of what the government could have done at any point of the process to deal with the problem in a just manner.

Essay Topic 3

Plutarch's reports of suicides among the figures he profiled plays very prominently in what he considers the figure's nobility or lack thereof. Compare the suicides of Cato and Otho. Explain the circumstances that led to the suicide, reasons the two gave for committing the act, and how you believe the act is a reflection of the character that Plutarch developed in his biography.

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