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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through The Comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus with Agis and Cleomenes.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Plutarch report to be the condition of Lacedaemonia when Agis and his partner began their reign?
(a) Lacedaemonia had risen to become the most powerful of Spartan cities.
(b) It was beaten down by wars with citizens who had lost hope of recovery.
(c) It was taken by avarice, a base spirit, luxury, effeminacy and had fallen from her former virtue and repute.
(d) Lacedaemonia had become little more than a crossroad for commerce to more industrious cities.

2. What was a political hurdle that Plutarch claimed Pompey had to overcome?
(a) He was a rival to Caesar.
(b) His father, Strabo, was so reviled by the Romans that they desecrated his body after his death.
(c) He was a rival to Crassus.
(d) Pompey was not respected after he lost battles in Spain.

3. In the comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus (henceforth identified here as "The Roman Brothers") with Agis and Cleomenes ("The Spartans"), how does Plutarch refer to Tiberius and Caius as a unit?
(a) Tiberius and Caius.
(b) The Romans.
(c) The Gracchi.
(d) Sons of Gracchus.

4. Which one of the four being compared does Plutarch report had no great action worthy of a commander?
(a) Cleomenes.
(b) Agis.
(c) Tiberius.
(d) Caius.

5. Why did Plutarch consider Agesilaus a better general than Pompey?
(a) Agesilaus proved his virtue by confronting his enemies at their most powerful, but Pompey tried to challenge less worthy opponents.
(b) Agesilaus had soldiers who fought for his glory, but Pompey's soldiers fought for wealth.
(c) Because Agesilaus built a record of forcing his enemies into battle when they were at their weakest, but Pompey allowed his army to be beaten by Caesar's forces while they were weakened by hunger.
(d) Agesilaus knew how to win battles on land or at sea, but Pompey only knew how to fight on the land.

Short Answer Questions

1. What victory of Phocion over the Macedonians did Plutarch report as being that which earned the admiration of Philip, King of Macedon?

2. What did Plutarch report to be Agesilaus' physical deformity?

3. How did Plutarch compare the deaths of "The Roman Brothers" to "The Spartans"?

4. How did Plutarch describe Cleomenes' personality?

5. What was the most notable sign that Plutarch suggests that proves Caesar had begun to win popular support to challenge Sylla?

(see the answer key)

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