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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Charles XII hoped to ally with Hetman Mazeppa, the Cossack who had been waiting for an opportunity to win independence for ___________.
(a) Forty years.
(b) Thirty years.
(c) Ten years.
(d) Twenty years.

2. General Lewenhaupt was sent for a massive quantity of supplies, but his effort bogged down and cost the campaign of Charles XII how much time?
(a) Nearly a year.
(b) Weeks.
(c) Months.
(d) Days.

3. Avoiding open warfare in Poland, where did the Russians retreat to?
(a) Minsk.
(b) Riga.
(c) Kiev.
(d) Vilnius.

4. Who was the only individual who stood by Peter against William I?
(a) Frederick I of Prussia.
(b) Frederick of Hesse.
(c) Frederick of Denmark.
(d) Fredrick William of Prussia.

5. Chapter 35 showed the effects of which year's intense cold that gripped all of Europe?
(a) 1708.
(b) 1706.
(c) 1709.
(d) 1707.

Short Answer Questions

1. How was Louis XV related to Louis XIV?

2. Which vast Ottoman Empire situation was surveyed in Chapter 40?

3. Where did Alexis finally seek asylum after originally being ordered by Peter to go to Copenhagen?

4. Which Councillor of State controlled French foreign policy because of the age of Louis XV?

5. Peter engaged which philosopher to oversee administrative, educational, and legal reforms?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Peter respond to his Poltava triumph?

2. Peter quickly suffered dismay upon his return to St. Petersburg on October 11, 1717, for what reason?

3. What did Charles XII and his advance regiments find upon arrival at Baturin on November 11?

4. Given England's 100-ship Royal Navy, why did the Baltic powers have relatively smaller fleets?

5. Why did Peter seek to control Dorpat and Narva in 1704?

6. What sort of effect did the arrival of Charles XII in Germany have?

7. How did Peter compare with his son, Alexis?

8. Why did Charles XII turn south in mid-September and send General Anders Lagercrona's vanguard ahead?

9. Why did Peter decide to focus his attention on the conquest of the upper Baltic?

10. What did Charles XII propose to his senior officers the day prior to the battle at Poltava in June, 1709?

(see the answer keys)

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