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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was Tupac Amaru?
(a) He was a mestizo chief and a descendant of the Incas who led a rebellion in Cuzco.
(b) He was a Mayan chief who led the people out of occupied Cuzco.
(c) He was a Spanish soldier who defected to the natives.
(d) He was a Spanish general who conquered the natives in Cuzco.

2. What year was Artigas's agrarian reform--"free land, free man," instituted?
(a) 1815.
(b) 1800.
(c) 1874.
(d) 1915.

3. What was Colombia paid for the erection of the Panama Canal?
(a) 10 million dollars.
(b) 5 million dollars.
(c) 25 million dollars.
(d) 50 million dollars.

4. What resource replaced nitrate as Chile's main export?
(a) Wool.
(b) Copper.
(c) Steel.
(d) Gold.

5. What rationalization was used by the conquerors who enslaved the native populations?
(a) They claimed the Indians enjoyed the work.
(b) They denied that Indians had souls, and therefore were no better than beasts of burden.
(c) They declared the Indians owed them labor because of their defeat in the war.
(d) They would share the wealth with the Indians eventually.

Short Answer Questions

1. What resource is exploited in modern-day Potosi?

2. In Haiti, what does the rainbow symbolize?

3. What famous saying was associated with Guanajuato?

4. Concerning petroleum, where is the most money to be made?

5. What Latin American countries were involved in the War of the Pacific?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was John Thomas North and what did he do?

2. Who was Emiliano Zapata and what did he accomplish?

3. What was discovered in the Minas Gerais region?

4. Why was guano, or nitrate, so valuable to Europeans?

5. How did the USA attempt to derail the Brazilian oil market?

6. What is a "pongo"?

7. Who were the miners of Minas Gerais, and where did they come from?

8. Why was a US government geological survey conducted of the Brazilian Amazon?

9. Why was Juan Jose Arevalo, who as President of Guatemala instituted new and better educational and labor standards, overthrown?

10. What is "expropriation"?

(see the answer keys)

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