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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Laelius argue against the Stoics?

2. What does reciprocity suggest about friendship, according to "Laelius: On Friendship"?

3. What does oratory require beside good speech, according to "On the Orator"?

4. What does Laelius reject about the restrictions of friendship?

5. What is the name of Cicero's brother he writes to?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what "Laelius: On Friendship" discusses and who the speakers are.

2. What is the purpose of the spheres of the planets, in "The Dream of Scipio"?

3. What did the Stoics believe about the death of a friend?

4. What is the universe made up of, according to "The Dream of Scipio"?

5. What is the greatest danger of a friendship, according to "Laelius: On Friendship"?

6. Describe what sharing does in relation to friendship, according to "Laelius: On Friendship" .

7. Describe what "The Dream of Scipio" illustrates in relation to philosophy.

8. What does Africanus tell Scipio about his future?

9. Describe what the orator must do when giving a speech.

10. Where does Scipio go in his dream in Chapter 5?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain and discuss the paradox of pleasure and pain that comes from having friendship, according to Laelius: On Friendship. Discuss how both pain and pleasure are unavoidable in friendship.

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast the differences of Crassus' and Scaevola's opinion of what they believe makes a good orator. Explain how Scaevola disproves Crassus' opinion.

Essay Topic 3

Analyze and discuss Cicero's beliefs on human rights. Explain what he felt existed in all people that made them equal.

(see the answer keys)

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