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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Cicero, what will inspire hatred in a ruler's subjects?

2. What did Cicero believe strongly about the virtues of philosophy?

3. In "On Duties," what will wise rulers win from their subjects?

4. How many miles was the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum" from Cicero's home?

5. What group believed happiness is the enjoyment of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Cicero feel about statesmanship?

2. Describe what Cicero said about justice and intelligence, in "On Duties."

3. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

4. What was Cicero's opinion of Caesar?

5. What is the importance of stability in external goods, according to "Discussions at Tusculum"?

6. Describe what Cicero insinuated about Caesar, in "On Duties".

7. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

8. What did Cicero's work return to in "On Duties" and why?

9. What style did Cicero write in and why?

10. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze and discuss Cicero's beliefs on human rights. Explain what he felt existed in all people that made them equal.

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast the ending opinions and arguments of Crassus and Antonius in On the Orator. Explain why Crassus is disappointed with Antonius' thinking.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss what qualities Cicero outlines a good and effective ruler needs to have. Explain how Cicero's outline is a direct response to the condition of the governmental rule of the time in which Cicero writes.

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