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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What are external goods merely considered to be by Cicero?
(a) Preferables.
(b) Necessary to happiness.
(c) Indifferents.
(d) Unpreferables.

2. In "On Duties," how many feelings does Cicero say a good ruler should inspire in his subjects?
(a) 1.
(b) 5.
(c) 3.
(d) 2.

3. What did Cicero believe humans cannot find peace without?
(a) Thoughts and rations.
(b) Falling in love.
(c) Serving mankind.
(d) Fighting for your thoughts.

4. Why is statesmanship destroyed, according to "On Duties"?
(a) Because the opportunities of statesmanship are destroyed.
(b) Because no one desires it anymore.
(c) It isn't destroyed.
(d) Caesar eliminates its possibility to continue.

5. What must men have to resolve conflict, according to Cicero in "On Duties"?
(a) Money.
(b) Resources.
(c) Rulers.
(d) Respect.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who favored Cicero?

2. In what period did Cicero gain great fame?

3. Who does Cicero compare Dionysius to?

4. What did Cicero resist being identified with, according to Grant?

5. Who does Grant say took over power in the Roman Republic during Cicero's writing?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what Cicero said about justice and intelligence, in "On Duties."

2. Describe why Cicero worried about the Roman republic.

3. What style did Cicero write in and why?

4. What three things did Cicero argue moral goodness is comprised of?

5. How did Cicero feel about statesmanship?

6. How did Cicero define the 'recipe' to obtain a stable regime in "On Duties"?

7. What is the setting of "Discussions at Tusculum"?

8. What does Discussions at Tusculum discuss?

9. How do wise rulers win their subjects, according to Cicero?

10. What did the Epicureans believe happiness was?

(see the answer keys)

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