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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How many conditions does Aristotle list as necessary for an act to be performed virtuously?
(a) Five.
(b) Twelve.
(c) Three.
(d) One.

2. What extreme is most comparable to the virtue of courage in the opinion of Aristotle?
(a) Cowardice.
(b) Indignation.
(c) Confidence.
(d) Rashness.

3. How do lawmakers make citizens good in the opinion of Aristotle?
(a) By habituating them.
(b) By informing their intellects.
(c) By giving them positive incentives.
(d) By threatening them with punishment.

4. What is a suitable category, in Aristotle's view, in which to place the feeling of shame?
(a) Feelings.
(b) Virtues.
(c) Conditional values.
(d) Vices.

5. In I.12, Aristotle states that praise belongs properly to what?
(a) Divinity.
(b) Humanity.
(c) Virtue.
(d) Effort.

Short Answer Questions

1. With what is V.10 concerned?

2. In contrast to wishing, which is for an end, for what is choosing in Aristotle's philosophical view?

3. For Aristotle, the good of the human person is the activity of the soul in accordance with what?

4. What causes a distortion to come about in most people, according to the opinion of Aristotle in III.4?

5. By doing what, in the opinion of Aristotle, does man make himself a certain sort of person?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is doing injustice worse than suffering injustice, from Aristotle's perspective?

2. What does it mean to say, as Aristotle explains it, that nothing can be habituated to be other than it is by nature?

3. According to Aristotle, in what way is justice reciprocal, and why?

4. What sort of ruler becomes a tyrant, according to Aristotle's observations?

5. To which of the vicious extremes is the truthful man closer in disposition and why, according to Aristotle?

6. What is the significance of the quasi-virtues mentioned by Aristotle in the last part of II.7?

7. What is the tripartite distinction in the soul that Aristotle makes in Chapter 13 of the first book?

8. Explain what is meant by Aristotle in saying that youth should not be involved in the study or practice of politics.

9. What characterizes Aristotle's distinction between "willing" and "choice"?

10. With what virtuous dispositions are Book IV, Chapters 6-9 concerned?

(see the answer keys)

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