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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. After Antinous decides on a tutor, Hadrian says that which of the following individuals, a Stoic philosopher, asks his permission to retire from service by suicide?

2. Upon returning to Alexandra after the visit to the magician in Canopus, Antinous convinces which individual to return to the magician with him?

3. Which of the following individuals alerts Hadrian that Antinous has gone missing in "Saeculum Aureum, 189-211"?

4. Hadrian grows angry with a writer during his first discussions of his life at the villa and summons the writer to tell him that he is exiled. What is the writer's name?

5. After Antinous' death, which of the following individuals is a member of an Orphic cult that declares suicide a crime and, thus, tends to focus on the sacrificial aspect of the death?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the result of Hadrian's ritual sacrifice on Mount Cassius outside Antioch.

2. In "Disciplina Augusta, 233-251," what causes the initial problems between the Roman troops and the Jewish residents of Jerusalem?

3. After Antinous' death, what conclusions does Hadrian draw as to why the young man committed suicide?

4. What qualities strike Hadrian as special when he first meets Arrian of Nicomedia?

5. According to "Saeculum Aureum, 189-211," why must it have been particularly difficult for Antinous to commit suicide in the manner he chose?

6. Why, when choosing a successor, does Hadrian settle on Lucius?

7. Why do the Jewish people consider the opening of schools where Greek literature is taught such a major problem?

8. What happens to Hadrian's secretary in "Disciplina Augusta, 211-233"?

9. In "Saeculum Aureum, 171-189," why does Hadrian begin to push Antinous away?

10. Why, in "Disciplina Augusta, 211-233," does Hadrian decide to commission a new history of Rome?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze and discuss Iollas' decision to commit suicide himself rather than help Hadrian do so. Why does one action violate the Hippocratic oath while the other does not? Include supporting information from the text and outside research as necessary.

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss three of the enemies Hadrian faces in the contest to become Trajan's successor. Be sure to elaborate on the specific challenges he faces from each individual. Include supporting information from the text.

Essay Topic 3

Using the entire book as a reference, discuss how Hadrian feels about religion. Does he believe in a form of religion or not? What evidence from the text supports your conclusion?

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