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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The human impulse to focus on the legacy we leave behind for future generations is called __________________.

2. Garbarino believes adults should protect children from degrading, dehumanizing, and desensitizing imagery by _____________________.

3. How many teens in 1992 believed you could trust others?

4. Boys respond to risk factors with antisocial behavior, whereas girls respond with ___________________.

5. Terrance Real's work showed that emotional blockage in violent boys is partially a result of ________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. According to James Gilligan, what causes the intolerable existence of violent youths, and what is the effect?

2. What is the zone of proximal development?

3. Explain Garbarino's point about moral and legal legitimacy for non-violent adults, or how we define immoral killing.

4. What is Garbarino's monastery method?

5. Explain why some boys seek out a negative universe.

6. What is terminal thinking, and why is it a problem for violent teens?

7. What are the five anchoring effects spirituality has on children?

8. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

9. What is resilience? Explain what the study done by psychologist Pat Tolan shows in terms of how things can overcome resilience.

10. Why is the measure of wealth to a child difficult?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

There are six characteristics and conditions that are relevant to saving young men from violence, according to Garbarino. Choose three of these, and discuss them in depth, including how they help anchor a child, and how they can help avoid violent behavior.

1. Stable positive emotional relationships.

2. An ability to cope with stress

3. Intelligence

4. Authentic Self Esteem

5. Positive Social Support Outside the Family

6. Androgyny

Essay Topic 2

Garbarino lists a total of eight lines of defense communities, families, schools, and establishments can do to help prevent lethal youth violence. Choose three of the eight lines of defense listed in the book, and explain what they are, and how they can help prevent youth violence. Be sure to include examples, if needed.

Essay Topic 3

Morality is a large topic in the novel, both in terms of how most of us see murder, and how those who commit violent crimes see murder. Choose one of the following topics, and discuss it in detail.

1. What is moral justification? Why do "normal" individuals sometimes morally justify homicide? What types of murder are included? Why is this different from the murders that violent youth commit?

2. What is a moral circle? How does the moral circle differ between most in society and the violent youth? How does the moral circle contribute to violent behaviors?

3. What is perceived injustice? How does perceived injustice affect the moral code of violent youth? Why does perceived injustice sometimes equate to shame and intolerable states of being?

(see the answer keys)

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