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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The tendency for behavior to reflect that which is rewarded is called _________________.
(a) Regressive conformity.
(b) Regressive differences.
(c) Progressive conformity.
(d) Progressive differences.

2. To help children make better moral choices, adults can help youths develop _________________.
(a) Sympathy.
(b) Talents and goals.
(c) Empathy.
(d) Businesses.

3. Why do violent boys appear arrogant, according to Garbarino?
(a) They are victimizing themselves.
(b) They are arrogant.
(c) They are overcompensating for their low self worth.
(d) They are overcompensating for defensiveness.

4. What is amoral?
(a) Being too filled with morality.
(b) Being without any morality.
(c) Being conflicted by morality.
(d) Being confused by morality.

5. Many youths who participate in violence are found to have been these during childhood.
(a) Readers of comic books.
(b) Bullies.
(c) Players of video games.
(d) Victims of bullies.

Short Answer Questions

1. Behaviors that become self sustaining attain ______________________.

2. According to Garbarino's interview of third graders in Illinois, how many believed they could get a gun if needed?

3. What do children use to measure the danger around them?

4. Youth exposed to violence at home and in society are more apt to develop this, according to the fifth rule of violent boys' lives.

5. Violent boys usually follow a predictable pattern of ____________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Garbarino, what does the masculine socialization in America mean to boys, and what is the effect?

2. What is the zone of proximal development?

3. Why is the measure of wealth to a child difficult?

4. What are the two types of trauma, and why is one worse than the other?

5. What are the four motives of teenagers to be drawn to guns, revealed in the study by Jeremy Shapiro?

6. What are home visiting programs, and why do they work?

7. What is the debate on the role of government and public institutions in child development?

8. What forces are at work when identifying preventative measures and acting on them, in terms of violent youth?

9. Explain why some boys seek out a negative universe.

10. What are depersonalization and desensitization, and how do they encourage violence?

(see the answer keys)

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