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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Spiritual support can buffer against ___________________.
(a) Anxiety.
(b) Depression.
(c) Fear.
(d) Anger.

2. Garbarino claims some boys seek out images of evil and become addicted to them as a way of responding to what?
(a) Social pressures to conform.
(b) The anger they feel inside.
(c) The emptiness they feel inside.
(d) The resentment they feel inside.

3. Social health is the sum total of a community's ___________________.
(a) Social anchors.
(b) Psychological anchors.
(c) Governmental anchors.
(d) Public anchors.

4. The weakness of this trend may not always be apparent, but does little to help in crisis.
(a) Spirituality.
(b) Political activism.
(c) Materialism.
(d) Psychology.

5. Maltreated boys are likely to be ______________________.
(a) Ignorant of negative social cues.
(b) Ignorant of all social cues.
(c) Hyper vigilant to negative social cues.
(d) Hyper vigilant to positive social cues.

Short Answer Questions

1. The term used in the book for the negative elements of the social environment that contaminate children is ___________________.

2. This disease is one caused by trauma.

3. MST stands for ____________________.

4. What has Terrence Real identified as one of the major sources of depression in males?

5. The tendency for behavior to reflect that which is rewarded is called _________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain Garbarino's point about moral and legal legitimacy for non-violent adults, or how we define immoral killing.

2. What are the four motives of teenagers to be drawn to guns, revealed in the study by Jeremy Shapiro?

3. What are home visiting programs, and why do they work?

4. How do positive connections and relationships help vulnerable youths to avoid violence?

5. What is resilience? Explain what the study done by psychologist Pat Tolan shows in terms of how things can overcome resilience.

6. What are the four breakdowns of childhood protection that Garbarino discusses in the book?

7. According to James Gilligan, what causes the intolerable existence of violent youths, and what is the effect?

8. What are the five anchoring effects spirituality has on children?

9. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

10. What is Garbarino's belief about what is involved in a complete rehabilitation program for violent boys?

(see the answer keys)

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