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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Florence save itself from plunder by Cesare Borgia and his armies?
(a) The city's merchants promised a percentage of their sales.
(b) The city's army defeated the forces with cannon fire.
(c) Officials promised loyalty in perpetuity.
(d) Officials paid an annual bribe.

2. The most basic anatomical knowledge for a painter is the study of what?
(a) Tendons.
(b) Ligaments.
(c) Muscles.
(d) Bones.

3. What caused Leonardo's Madonna of the Yardwinder to become one of his most influential paintings?
(a) It was delivered to the French court and widely copied.
(b) It was delivered to the Portuguese court and widely copied.
(c) It was delivered to the Viennese court and widely copied.
(d) It was delivered to the Austrian court and widely copied.

4. What painting was named by the Louvre in 2012 as Leonardo's ultimate masterpiece?
(a) The Mona Lisa.
(b) Virgin of the Rocks.
(c) Vitruvian Man.
(d) Virgin and Child with Saint Anne.

5. When Leonardo went to Venice in 1500 in order to offer military advice to defend against a threatened invasion, which country was threatening to invade Venice?
(a) Egypt.
(b) Austria.
(c) France.
(d) Turkey.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are diabase?

2. The parts of a scene that get the most direct light have the greatest saturation of what?

3. Cesare Borgia became the first man in history to perform what action?

4. The four universal conditions of men, according to Leonardo, were mirth, weeping, fighting, and what?

5. Rather than being shown in profile, as was traditional, the subject of Lady with an Ermine is shown in what way?

Short Essay Questions

1. For how long did Leonardo live in Florence upon his return there in 1500 and where did he live?

2. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

3. What reason did Leonardo write in his notebook for his decision not to publicize his findings about how to remain underwater for a long time?

4. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

5. When Leonardo returned to Florence in 1500, how had Florence changed in the time he had been away?

6. What reasons did Leonardo have for always wanting to portray portrait subjects facing the viewer or in three-quarters view, contrary to the customary profile pose?

7. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

8. What was the event known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?

9. How does Walter Isaacson link the qualities of genius and the qualities of obsession within the chapter about Leonardo's first round of anatomy studies?

10. Though Leonardo had completed the central part of his painting Saint Anne by 1503, he did not give it to the party who had commissioned it. What did he do with it instead?

(see the answer keys)

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