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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Leonardo believed that the secret to modeling three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface was not the use of lines, but instead the use of what?
(a) Stippling.
(b) Shadows.
(c) Crosshatching.
(d) Curves.

2. In May of 1504, Isabella gave up on her quest to get Leonardo to paint her portrait, telling him that instead he could paint a portrait for her of what person?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) Lucrezia Borgia.
(c) Mary Magdalene.
(d) Jesus.

3. Whose work on shadows did Leonardo study?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) Plato.
(c) Sisyphus.
(d) Archimedes.

4. Visual perception occurs along the entire area of what part of the eye?
(a) The retina.
(b) The pupil.
(c) The vitreous humor.
(d) The iris.

5. The center of medical research in Milan during the Renaissance was what university?
(a) The University of Bologna.
(b) The University of Catania.
(c) The University of Sannio.
(d) The University of Pavia.

Short Answer Questions

1. Leonardo's initial anatomy studies of 1489 focused on what part of the body?

2. The child featured in Leonardo's work Madonna of the Yardwinder is reaching for what object?

3. The four universal conditions of men, according to Leonardo, were mirth, weeping, fighting, and what?

4. Authenticity of Renaissance paintings can be difficult to prove due to what habit of the era's painters?

5. According to Walter Isaacson, what was the paramount theme in Leonardo's art?

Short Essay Questions

1. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

2. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

3. What does Walter Isaacson point to in Leonardo's creation of the painting Virgin of the Rocks that he says illustrates Leonardo's insistence on realism in his art?

4. What evidence is presented that points toward Leonardo respecting and enjoying the intellectual findings of his friends and peers?

5. How does Walter Isaacson link the qualities of genius and the qualities of obsession within the chapter about Leonardo's first round of anatomy studies?

6. What was the significance of Leonardo's depiction of the human frontal sinus?

7. What evidence does Walter Isaacson provide for his claim that much of Leonardo's thinking was collegial?

8. What reason did Leonardo write in his notebook for his decision not to publicize his findings about how to remain underwater for a long time?

9. What signature element of Leonardo's paintings is missing from the second version of Virgin of the Rocks but is present in the first version?

10. In the mid-1490s, Leonardo put aside his work on anatomy and would not return to it for another decade. What endeavor did he begin upon dropping his anatomy studies?

(see the answer keys)

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