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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Stanley is an adopted name for Henry. What was the occupation of the Stanley Henry met in America?
(a) Doctor.
(b) Businessman.
(c) Lawyer.
(d) Trader.

2. Who was President in America when Leopold began to have his colony recognized by the foreign powers?
(a) Taylor.
(b) Polk.
(c) Ford.
(d) Arthur.

3. What was the name of the colony that the Congo was annexed to Belgium as in 1908?
(a) Republic of Congo.
(b) Belgian Congo.
(c) Free Congo.
(d) Congo Free State.

4. How did Stanley view the local people in the Congo?
(a) Sophisticated.
(b) Available labor.
(c) Artists.
(d) Competent to rule themselves.

5. Where did Leopold get a loan from after exhausting his money?
(a) America.
(b) France.
(c) England.
(d) Belgium.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what country was Williams commissioned a lieutenant?

2. What did one of Stanley's sick employees compare Stanley to a few weeks before dying?

3. What was the name of the Portuguese explorer who sailed along the west coast of Africa in the 1480s?

4. Who did Leopold want to retain political power in the Congo?

5. In what year did Stanley locate Livingstone?

Short Essay Questions

1. When did things change in the Congo?

2. What happened to the Europeans on Stanley's expedition in 1874?

3. Why did Stanley agree to enter into business dealings with King Leopold?

4. What happened when Stanley found Dr. Livingstone?

5. What was ivory used for in Europe?

6. Why did John Rowlands adopt the last name Stanley?

7. What did Stanley pretend to be once he was a celebrity?

8. What did the international organizations Leopold established and then dissolved do?

9. Why was Leopold easily able to discredit Williams' reports of atrocities in the Congo?

10. What did Leopold do when the venture in the Congo consumed all his funds?

(see the answer keys)

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