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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A Portuguese explorer was the first European to discover the mouth of which river?
(a) Congo.
(b) Ivory.
(c) Nile.
(d) Sentara.

2. What is the name of the fanatical madman in "Heart of Darkness"?
(a) Kensington.
(b) Kallon.
(c) Kurtz.
(d) Kelvin.

3. To prevent desertion from Force Publique, how far away were soldiers stationed from their homes?
(a) A few dozen miles.
(b) A few miles.
(c) Tens of miles.
(d) Several hundred miles.

4. How did Stanley view the local people in the Congo?
(a) Available labor.
(b) Artists.
(c) Sophisticated.
(d) Competent to rule themselves.

5. When did Leopold issue the royal decree that declared his colony the Congo Free State?
(a) 1885.
(b) 1887.
(c) 1886.
(d) 1888.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the name of the Portuguese explorer who sailed along the west coast of Africa in the 1480s?

2. What kind of rifles allowed Leopold's agents in the Congo to establish dominance?

3. What did Williams write about, while in the Congo?

4. Stanley's bizarre route took so long to traverse, that when he arrived to rescue Pasha, what happened?

5. What year did King Leopold's control over the Congo begin?

Short Essay Questions

1. When did things change in the Congo?

2. Why did President Arthur recognize Leopold's claim to the Congo?

3. What happened to the Africans that other Africans captured and took to the coastal towns?

4. What did the treaties Stanley negotiated with the local chiefs trade for brightly colored cloth?

5. What were some of the technological advances that led Leopold's agents to establish dominance in the Congo?

6. Why did Leopold embark on a plan to gain the Congo as a colonial possession?

7. Why is Captain Leon Rom the most likely man upon whom Conrad based the character of Kurtz?

8. What happened to the Europeans on Stanley's expedition in 1874?

9. Why did John Rowlands adopt the last name Stanley?

10. What was ivory used for in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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