1. Which of the following did Kant establish?
(a) Perception is irrelevant to philosophy.
(b) The self is simply a perception.
(c) Perception is related to the world.
(d) Reality is a small aspect of perception.

2. What did Descartes argue was the first and most certain piece of knowledge?
(a) One is a thinking self.
(b) One has an identity.
(c) One is an intelligent self.
(d) One is a human being.

3. According to the ontological argument, why does God exist?
(a) Perfection only exists in one entity.
(b) A creator of the world must exist.
(c) Existence warrants perfection.
(d) Existence is a perfection.

4. Which of the following statements about Kant is true?
(a) Kant believed the soul was a noumenon.
(b) Kant did not believe one could view one's own soul as an object.
(c) Kant believed the soul was a phenomenon.
(d) Kant believed that proving the existence of a soul would prove the existence of God.

5. How was Kant influenced by Leibniz?
(a) He thought Leibniz was more intelligent than Hume.
(b) He had so many disagreements with him.
(c) He agreed with him so much.
(d) He sided with Leibniz over Hume.

Short Answer Questions

1. When Kant attempted to use the unity of apperception to prove facts about the world, who admitted that these arguments were not generally philosophically sound?

2. What are the statements "Fido is on the couch" and "Fido is not on the couch" examples of?

3. What did Leibniz argue could allow us to know almost everything about the world?

4. According to Hume, what does all knowledge come through?

5. Where was Immanuel Kant born?

(see the answer key)

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