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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Gallus' wife, Constantia, eventually dies from:

2. After he becomes emperor, Julian again faces the threat of invasion along his borders. This time, the threat is from:

3. After he becomes Augustus, Julian fills his time with all of these activities except:

4. After Gallus is named Caesar, Libanius goes to Gallus' home and observes:

5. Constantius kills Gallus by:

Short Essay Questions

1. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

2. After a few weeks in Athens, Julian is recalled to Italy by his cousin, Augustus Constantius. What is his reaction to being recalled? Why? Why does he think Constantius may be out to get him at this point?

3. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

4. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

5. What happens to Julian when he returns to Rome? What do you think drives Constantius to do what he does to Julian?

6. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

7. In Chapter V, Julian has a religious experience that has a great impact on his life. Explain.

8. Gallus and his wife, Constantia, appear to be cut from the same cloth. What do you learn about them and their tastes and habits?

9. Julian's first meeting with Constantius gives him a taste of the power and might of royalty. How does he react to this taste of power?

10. Describe Julian's relationship with his father. How does he know his father loves him?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explore the evolution of Julian's feelings about Christianity. Why do you think his attitude changes and becomes so negative? Is there anything else going on within him or around him that would influence him to become anti-Christian?

Essay Topic 2

Julian appears to have an emotional void with respect to women. Discuss Julian's relationships with and feelings about the women in his life. What do you think shape his emotions in this regard?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the incident in which Julian's men hold a lottery to divide up the women of Maiozamalcha, Julian looks for a child to save, but he ends up selecting a deaf-mute boy, who remains faithful to Julian until his death. Explain the significance of this incident. What does the lottery reveal about warfare during Roman times? What do Julian's actions reveal about him? How do his men react? How does this incident contribute to the rising action of the story?

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