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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Julian is pierced in the side with a spear. When the doctors examine Julian's wound, they say:
(a) One should never go into battle without adequate armor.
(b) The spear tip contains poison.
(c) It is a minor scratch.
(d) There is nothing to be done and he dies.

2. In the year of the famine in Antioch, the leaders of Antioch:
(a) Build an irrigation system to water the parched crops.
(b) Make sacrifices to the deities.
(c) Purchase grain from Egypt.
(d) Do nothing to prepare.

3. Julian arrives in Antioch on a holiday. It is:
(a) The festival that commemorates the death of Adonis.
(b) The Summer Solstice.
(c) Epiphany.
(d) Christmas.

4. Julian's general, Salutius, asks him to wait a week before pressing on with the military campaign. In a week's time, Salaius hopes that:
(a) The Persians retreat back to the Euphrates.
(b) Reinforcements arrive to augment Julian's army.
(c) The Persians run out of food and supplies.
(d) Julian loses his enthusiasm for the campaign and agrees to return to Rome.

5. Libanius needs permission from ______ to publish his manuscript about Julian.
(a) Callistus.
(b) Bishop Meletius.
(c) Theodosius.
(d) Cimon.

Short Answer Questions

1. Near Maiozamalcha, Julian and a small scouting party encounter:

2. Salatius warns Julian that the troops are singing a song about:

3. Julian spends his last moments before dying with:

4. Faustina gives birth to:

5. When the temple to Apollo is burned, Julian blames:

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian may have a sense that he is becoming drunk with power and losing touch with real people and real issues. Describe the incident at the baths that illustrates his awareness.

2. How does Julian react when the signs and messages from the deities are not what he wants to hear?

3. What is Constantius' response when Julian is acclaimed Augustus by the people? What does he do? How do you think he feels?

4. After Constantius dies and his will is read, Julian's position as Augustus is solidified and validated. How? What is the first thing Julian does to demonstrate his power?

5. When Julian's army and the general populace begin calling for Julian to become Augustus, he seems unsure how to react. Do you think he wants to become Augustus or not? Why does he seem to act so coy about the people's call?

6. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

7. Julian has grown more and more enamored with belief in the Hellenistic gods and more distant from Christianity. His dislike of Christian holidays is well known. Why does he publicly celebrate Epiphany?

8. In his memoirs and his journal, Julian insists that his army and the people love him, that he goes to great lengths to avoid confrontation and do right by the populace, and that his ascension to power is due to the will of the people. Some of these recollections are rather self-serving. Describe some examples of these recollections.

9. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

10. Several things happen that suggest to Julian that his death may be imminent. Cite some of these occurrences. What does Julian think about these incidents and how does he react?

(see the answer keys)

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