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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When Julian gives orders for the army to head north, it is a sign that they are headed:
(a) Towards Macedonia.
(b) Back to Rome.
(c) Into Gaul.
(d) For defeat.

2. Libanius eventually learns that it is ______ who kills Julian.
(a) Priscus.
(b) Callistus.
(c) Jovian.
(d) Theodosius.

3. Maximus and his wife make a pact concerning:
(a) Suicide.
(b) Disciplining their children.
(c) Open marriage.
(d) Observing Christian holidays.

4. Faustina gives birth to:
(a) A daughter.
(b) A son.
(c) Twins.
(d) A stillborn child.

5. Julian spends his last moments before dying with:
(a) Libanius and Priscus.
(b) Callistus.
(c) Victor and Jovian.
(d) Priscus and Maximus.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Section XIX, At Anatha, Julius encounters:

2. Julian and his servant , Callistus, pursue a group of retreating Persian warriors. When they return:

3. In the cities he visits en route to Persia, Julian attempts to get people to perform:

4. Among the principal military commanders who accompany Julian into Persia are all of these except:

5. It is in Maiozamalcha that Julian finds the boy who becomes his servant. The boy is:

Short Essay Questions

1. When Julian's army and the general populace begin calling for Julian to become Augustus, he seems unsure how to react. Do you think he wants to become Augustus or not? Why does he seem to act so coy about the people's call?

2. After Constantius dies and his will is read, Julian's position as Augustus is solidified and validated. How? What is the first thing Julian does to demonstrate his power?

3. Julian claims to be tolerant of different religions. Why does he feel compelled to attempt to initiate religious upheaval among the Romans and convert them from Christianity to Hellenism? What makes him think he can succeed at this monumental task?

4. Shortly after the battle of Ctesiphon, Julian is wounded in another battle when he is pierced in the side by a spear. Describe the incident and tell what the outcome is.

5. Describe the situation when Julian enters Persia at the start of the campaign when Julian, his generals and the troops first reach the Euphrates River.

6. How does Julian deal with the famine in Antioch?

7. Julian travels overland to Antioch stopping in various towns along the way. What reason does he give for the journey and what does Julian hope to accomplish by visiting the towns en route?

8. Throughout his life, Julian is influenced and makes decisions based on signs, omens and dreams. At one point, he dreams about a tree. Describe this dream and his interpretation of it.

9. Julian has grown more and more enamored with belief in the Hellenistic gods and more distant from Christianity. His dislike of Christian holidays is well known. Why does he publicly celebrate Epiphany?

10. Once he is Augustus, how does Julian display his disdain for Christianity?

(see the answer keys)

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