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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sosipatra prophesies all of the following except:
(a) Julian dies in a place called Phrygia.
(b) Julian marrying Helena.
(c) Julian is a military and political leader.
(d) Julian dies a warrior's death.

2. Julian often bases his decisions on:
(a) Signs and omens.
(b) The advice of psychics.
(c) Tea leaf readings.
(d) His wife's recommendations.

3. After he becomes emperor, Julian again faces the threat of invasion along his borders. This time, the threat is from:
(a) German invaders.
(b) Portuguese traders.
(c) Macedonian rebels.
(d) Pirates from North Africa.

4. Within the span of a few months, all of the following events occur except:
(a) Macrina dies in childbirth.
(b) Constantius names Julian as Caesar.
(c) Julian marries Helena.
(d) Julian is dispatched to Gaul.

5. Julian attempts to maintain positive relations with Constantius by all of the following except:
(a) Sending gifts.
(b) Communicating regularly via messengers.
(c) Hiding his anti-Christian sentiments.
(d) Avoiding open signs of disloyalty.

Short Answer Questions

1. After meeting Macrina in Athens, Priscus describes her as:

2. Julian believes that his fate is being foretold when he dreams about:

3. After he becomes Augustus, Julian fills his time with all of these activities except:

4. Constantius kills Gallus by:

5. After Gallus is named Caesar, Libanius goes to Gallus' home and observes:

Short Essay Questions

1. Once he is appointed Caesar, Julian is immediately sent to Gaul. Constantius surrounds him with spies and men loyal to the Augustus and does not give him much in the way of military or political support. How does Julian deal with this situation?

2. Julian is gaining confidence and developing skill as a military leader. Cite evidence or his military skills and success at about this time (356-358).

3. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

4. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

5. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

6. Describe Julian's relationship with his brother, Gallus.

7. Julian says he longs to be an ordinary student. Name and describe the roles of at least three people who encourage his scholarly ambition.

8. Why is it appropriate that Libanius and Priscus discuss things like their health and families as well as their memories of Julian and opinions about the current rulers of the land in the first chapter of this book?

9. Gallus and Julian have an affair with the same woman, a servant in their household, at the same time. What do you think this says about the two boys?

10. Julian often claims that he dislikes the ritual, etiquette and intrigue of the royal court, that he does not seek to acquire rank or power, and that he longs only to become a scholar. Do you think this is true? Give evidence for your answer/

(see the answer keys)

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