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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Gallus' wife, Constantia, eventually dies from:
(a) Suicide.
(b) Fever.
(c) Childbirth.
(d) Poison.

2. Julian notes that Constantius inspires all of these emotions in his subjects expect:
(a) Contempt.
(b) Fear.
(c) Admiration.
(d) Awe.

3. While Julian is being initiated into the mysteries, hooded men hurl insults at him, calling him all of these things except:
(a) An elitist.
(b) A coward.
(c) A fraud.
(d) A goat.

4. When the crowd demands that Julian become Augustus:
(a) He consults the Oracle at Delphi.
(b) He agrees because he has no other choice.
(c) He takes Helena's advice and goes to Athens.
(d) He joyfully accepts.

5. After Eusebia dies, Constantius marries:
(a) His half sister.
(b) His niece.
(c) Faustina.
(d) Macrina.

Short Answer Questions

1. As a child, Julian loves:

2. Helena's last conversation with Julian before her death concerns:

3. Julian desires to use his authority as Augustus to influence the Romans to restore:

4. Constantius eventually grants Julian permission to:

5. How does Julian react to Gallus' treatment of Hilarius?

Short Essay Questions

1. Julian insists that his brother is led astray by Constantia. Do you think this is true? What evidence can you cite to support your answer?

2. Describe Gallus' feelings toward his brother Julian.

3. Julian is gaining confidence and developing skill as a military leader. Cite evidence or his military skills and success at about this time (356-358).

4. Why does Libanius seek to publish a manuscript about Julian 20 years after his death?

5. At about the same time as Julian is defeating the Germans, Helena is giving birth to their first child, a son. Describe the birth and the circumstances surrounding the occasion. How does Julian react when he learns what transpires.

6. Julian first meets his cousin, Constantius, when he is 16. How does he prepare for the encounter and what is his reaction to the visit?

7. What does Gallus' treatment of Hilarius show about his character? What does Julian's reaction to the Hilarius incident reveal about his character?

8. Julian states that his 47 days in Athens are the happiest days of his life. Why is Julian happy during his stay in Athens?

9. As a youngster, Julian expresses awareness of his own mortality and even fear for his life. Why?

10. The seeds of Julian's religious conflict are also sown in chapter two. What memories indicate that Julian experiences doubts, questions and great interest in things metaphysical as a youngster?

(see the answer keys)

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