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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is exoterike harmoniea?

2. Why does Xeones refuse to narrate anymore?

3. What point does the author illustrate in these battle scenes about ancient warfare?

4. Which of the following is not one of the activities listed as part of Spartan life?

5. By what warrior code are young Spartans raised?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Dienekes feel about Tommie's suggestion that Sparta join Persia by choice?

2. What does the lady Arete reveal to Xeones?

3. When the Spartans realize that the boys followed them, what is the punishment that Xeones must endure?

4. Why does Xeones refuse to continue with the story? What happens that causes him to continue?

5. How do Alexandros and Xeones get across the Gulf of Corinth when following the army?

6. How does Xeones come to be in the Persian camp?

7. How does Xeones describe the Spartan view on war?

8. Why does the author jump from place to place in the story?

9. Why does Xerxes become impatient with Xeones?

10. Describe the Spartan line formation.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

When the Persians arrive at the Hot Gates, they take about two days to attack. What are they doing during that time? Why does it take so long?

Describe the stress and anxiety that might build up for the Greeks over the course of a couple of days of waiting for an attack from a force that greatly outnumbers them. Is it important to distract the soldiers from this stress? Why or why not?

How does Leonidas have his men deal with it? What ways of dealing with the stress do some of the men find for themselves? How would you suggest dealing with pre-battle stress, and why?

Essay Topic 2

Xeones denounces Xerxes as a poor king. Why does Xoenes feel that Xerxes is a poor king? How does Xeones describe a good king? In your own words, describe Xerxes as a king, and tell whether you think he is a good king or not, and why.

Essay Topic 3

By simply maintaining military discipline, the Spartans are able to defeat many enemies in battle who do not know discipline. Define discipline. Why is discipline so important on the battlefield? Is it equally important off the field? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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