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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Xeones tells of an exercise that the people in the baggage train practice where they serve as punching bags for the Spartan heavy infantry. What is this exercise called?

2. Where do Xeones and Diomache separate?

3. What is the name of the city-state where Xeones is from?

4. Why does Diomache feel that no man will want her?

5. By what warrior code are young Spartans raised?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the relationship between Alexandros and Xeones.

2. How do the Spartans count their dead?

3. Why does Polynikes seem to think that Spartans are better than any other men?

4. Why does Xeones refuse to continue with the story? What happens that causes him to continue?

5. Why is Xeones depressed? What happens?

6. Why does Xerxes become impatient with Xeones?

7. When the Spartans realize that the boys followed them, what is the punishment that Xeones must endure?

8. Why does Diomache feel that no one will want to marry her?

9. How do Alexandros and Xeones get across the Gulf of Corinth when following the army?

10. What is the concern of the lady Paraleio, Alexandros' mother?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

By simply maintaining military discipline, the Spartans are able to defeat many enemies in battle who do not know discipline. Define discipline. Why is discipline so important on the battlefield? Is it equally important off the field? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

In ancient Greece, just like many other ancient civilizations, crimes were punished much more severely than they are now. Many crimes involving stealing would result in losing a hand, or having the hands crippled. Have students write an essay answering the following questions:

1. What are these kinds of punishments no longer in use? What caused them to be discontinued in the Western world?

2. Are these kinds of punishments still in use today? If they are, then where, and why?

3. Do you feel that capital and corporal punishment is appropriate punishment for most crimes? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

What role do the women play in ancient Sparta? What rights and restrictions do they have? Compare and contrast the role of women in ancient Spartan culture to other warrior societies. Compare the role of women in ancient Sparta to the role of women in the modern world.

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