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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The second conflict takes place between 340-266 A.D., resulting in what?
(a) Rome being taken over by the Greeks.
(b) Rome growing and expanding to become Greece.
(c) Rome shrinking and consolidating.
(d) Rome growing and expanding to become Italy.

2. Freedom is mainly the domain of whom?
(a) The Queen.
(b) The King.
(c) The serfs.
(d) The landowner.

3. The practice of manumission and co-optation means the native born Romans, or the ruling class, are what?
(a) Not as intelligent as the slaves.
(b) Numerically now a minority.
(c) Weaker than the slaves.
(d) Numerically now the majority.

4. Augustus uses his sovereignal power for the______ of the populace.
(a) Wealthy.
(b) Poor.
(c) Good.
(d) No member.

5. To what are the Reactionary Stoicism beliefs adapted?
(a) Fit their version of personal freedom.
(b) Fit their amount of wealth.
(c) Fit their version of civic freedom.
(d) Fit their religious beliefs.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Reactionary Stoicism appeal to the Roman upper classes?

2. What does Augustine basically end up doing to the role of personal freedom?

3. What is sin considered to be?

4. Augustus' rule is at the expense of whose civic freedom?

5. How do many of the serfs and peasants receive rights?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the consequences of Jesus' crucifixion?

2. What is Reactionary Stoicism?

3. What struggles do the Romans face regarding the development of the concept of freedom?

4. What is Reformist Stoicism?

5. How does Augustus influence the interpretations of freedom?

6. What happens when Christianity appears?

7. What is the purpose of this chapter?

8. What is freedom at this time?

9. How have women's lives begun to change?

10. Two questions arise from Paul's theology. What are we saved from? To whom or what are we enslaved? What are the answers?

(see the answer keys)

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