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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What virtue was already ingrained in European Jews when they arrived?

2. The highest fertility rates are found in groups with the ________________ incomes.

3. Immigrants on cargo ships could not select their______________.

4. How many people died of starvation or illness during the Great Famine of the 1840s in Ireland?

5. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.

Short Essay Questions

1. What was an indentured servant?

2. How did the geography of Italy contribute to the fragmentation of its people?

3. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

4. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

5. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

6. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

7. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

8. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

9. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

10. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

It may seem ironic that established immigrant groups have been shown to discriminate against more recent immigrants of the same ethnicity. Using examples from the text, write an essay examining this phenomenon and give your opinion about its causes and effects.

Essay Topic 2

In an essay, analyze how the various methods of available transportation have affected who was able to immigrate, where they were able to land, and what work they were able to undertake upon arrival.

Essay Topic 3

Migration does not bring a random cross section of the population of the native country. In your essay, examine which members of a population are most likely to emigrate. Consider, for example, Japanese emigrants who were pre-screened by their government before they were permitted to leave. What factors were considered? What factors are most likely to promote success in a new environment?

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