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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which group was the most isolated of the early German settlers?
(a) The Mennonites.
(b) The Mormons.
(c) The Amish.
(d) The Catholics.

2. How did Europeans treat Jews as they became the only non-Christians on the continent?
(a) They were welcomed and venerated.
(b) They were persecuted, massacred and expelled.
(c) They were quietly disliked.
(d) They were supported and helped.

3. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?
(a) Polish Americans.
(b) Mexican-Americans.
(c) Chinese Americans.
(d) Blacks.

4. At the turn of the century, what was the population density of the lower East Side in New York?
(a) Two hundred people per acre.
(b) One hundred people per acre.
(c) Five hundred people per acre.
(d) Seven hundred people per acre.

5. Before steamships, to what was sea travel for the immigrants directly tied?
(a) Piracy.
(b) Weather conditions.
(c) Trade.
(d) Occupations.

Short Answer Questions

1. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?

2. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?

3. What was the occupation of the majority of Irish immigrants in the 19th century?

4. In their own land, the Irish were a _________________ people.

5. What did German immigrants retain whether in urban or rural settings?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is "amoral familism"?

2. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

3. How were the German immigrants characterized?

4. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

5. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

6. How did the geography of Italy contribute to the fragmentation of its people?

7. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

8. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

9. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

10. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

(see the answer keys)

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