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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?
(a) Subjugated and impoverished.
(b) Upwardly mobile.
(c) Impoverished and frightened.
(d) Educated and healthy.

2. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?
(a) Manufacturing.
(b) Transportation.
(c) Farming.
(d) Publishing.

3. Who developed the term "kike" to refer to Eastern European Jews in the U.S.?
(a) The Irish.
(b) The British.
(c) German Jews.
(d) Blacks.

4. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) British.
(b) Irish.
(c) Italian.
(d) Mexican.

5. How much of the arable land in Ireland was used for growing potatoes before the famine?
(a) One-fourth.
(b) One-sixth.
(c) One-tenth.
(d) One-half.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did the system of tenant farming undermine Irish initiative?

2. How did Europeans treat Jews as they became the only non-Christians on the continent?

3. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?

4. When did Italy unite under one government?

5. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was a redemptioner?

2. Why has alcoholism traditionally been lower among Italians than Irish?

3. How were the German immigrants characterized?

4. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

5. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

6. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

7. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

8. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

9. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

10. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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