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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?
(a) Chinese Americans.
(b) Polish Americans.
(c) Blacks.
(d) Mexican-Americans.

2. What percentage of Italian immigrants were agricultural laborers?
(a) 97%
(b) 50%
(c) 77%.
(d) 25%.

3. What is the most affluent ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) Japanese.
(b) Chinese.
(c) Jewish.
(d) Irish.

4. What were early German immigrants able to do more thoroughly than others?
(a) Develop social networks.
(b) Govern themselves and others.
(c) Invent useful machinery.
(d) Clear frontier land and make it productive.

5. What percentage of the population is the largest single ethnic group?
(a) 52%.
(b) 47%.
(c) 15%.
(d) 75%.

Short Answer Questions

1. What law helped establish the southern Italian crime syndicates?

2. What was the average life expectancy of an Irish immigrant in the 19th century?

3. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?

4. Which group of Italian immigrants were at the bottom of their social scale?

5. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

2. Who are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

3. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

4. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

5. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

6. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

7. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

8. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

9. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

10. What was a redemptioner?

(see the answer keys)

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