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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Spying.
(b) Organizing and circumventing government.
(c) Guerilla warfare.
(d) Self-improvement.

2. What vice did Jewish immigrants almost universally avoid?
(a) Gambling.
(b) Organized crime.
(c) Alcoholism.
(d) Pornography.

3. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?
(a) Jews.
(b) Germans.
(c) Irish.
(d) Chinese.

4. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.
(a) More.
(b) Less.
(c) No.
(d) About the same.

5. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With distrust and disinterest.
(b) With expectations and hope.
(c) With great interest.
(d) With confidence and trust.

6. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Construction.
(b) Brewing beer.
(c) Farming.
(d) Peddling.

7. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They worked as apprentices.
(b) They were sent with money from home.
(c) They became indentured servants.
(d) They formed credit unions among themselves.

8. What advantage did European Jewish immigrants have in arriving in the United States?
(a) They were already skilled farmers.
(b) They already spoke English.
(c) They were already urbanized.
(d) They were already accustomed to a rural environment.

9. During the decades surrounding the beginning of the 20th century, what proportion of Eastern European Jews moved to the United States?
(a) One-third.
(b) One-tenth.
(c) One-fifth.
(d) One-eighth.

10. How long was the voyage to America in a sailing vessel?
(a) From two to three weeks.
(b) From three to seven weeks.
(c) From one to three months.
(d) From four to six months.

11. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?
(a) A rich area of the city.
(b) A prison.
(c) A walled, gated Jewish community.
(d) An impoverished area of the city.

12. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?
(a) The family.
(b) Personal morality.
(c) The church.
(d) Country.

13. How many years did a German indentured servant typically have to work to pay off his transportation to America?
(a) Two to five.
(b) One to two.
(c) Eight to ten.
(d) Three to seven.

14. Which group was the most isolated of the early German settlers?
(a) The Mormons.
(b) The Catholics.
(c) The Mennonites.
(d) The Amish.

15. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?
(a) Mexican-Americans.
(b) Chinese Americans.
(c) Polish Americans.
(d) Blacks.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?

2. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?

3. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?

4. In what area did Italian immigrants find success in California?

5. What percentage of arrests in New York City during the 1850s were made of drunk and disorderly Irishmen?

(see the answer keys)

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