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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Of the 20 percent of women of color in the U.S. population, what percent of childcare workers are women of color?

2. When Garbes tracked the hours she spent tending to her family and home, how much did the Invisible Labor Calculator indicate her annual wage should be?

3. How old were Garbes' parents when they immigrated to the United States?

4. What does Garbes' father do for a living?

5. How old were Gerbes' daughter in March 2020?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were balikbayan boxes?

2. What is Garbes' father's career and what does he do all day?

3. What is the Philippines greatest export?

4. What has having children taught Garbes about love being an action verb?

5. What was it like for Garbes' parents when they emigrated from the Philippines?

6. For the four months of the quarantine, how did Garbes' family spend their time?

7. What was life like for Garbes before the pandemic?

8. Early during the Covid-19 quarantine, what did Garbes ask herself about how to spend her time, and what did she decide?

9. What are Garbes' thoughts about care work?

10. Why did Garbes' mother refuse the domestic worker her mother, Ima, had offered to send with her when she emigrated from the Philippines?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Philippines' biggest export is labor. How is migration institutionalized in the Philippines, and how does it affect laborers who emigrate?

Essay Topic 2

The pandemic affected mothering. How did the pandemic affect mothering? Why did the pandemic cause Garbes to believe that mothering needed to change?

Essay Topic 3

Opinions are beliefs or judgments. Facts rely on observation and research. Are the ideas Garbes shares in Essential Labor facts or opinion?

(see the answer keys)

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