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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Luther define selfishness?

2. Why does an individual adapt to a new situation and habit?

3. What new economic system grew out of the Reformation?

4. What drives man's struggle for self-promotion?

5. What is often a negative result of man's freedom?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are Fromm's thoughts about the choices an individual faces?

2. How do Fromm and Luther differ in the definition of selfishness?

3. What economic changes altered the social ideology at the end of the 16th century?

4. How did the economic changes of the Renaissance impact the social order in society?

5. How are Fromm's ideas about the individual and society different from Freud's analysis?

6. What new social class developed during the Renaissance and how did it affect their freedom?

7. How did Lutheranism challenge the Catholic Church?

8. What are Fromm's ideas about work, the economy, and society?

9. How does an individual's learning further the process of individuation and how does this affect a child's relationship with his mother?

10. What is the significance of the department store reference that Fromm makes in the chapter, "The Two Aspects of Freedom and Modern Man"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the role of the middle class in Fromm's book. Why was the middle class so significant in the Protestant Reformation? How was this role different than in the Catholic Church? How did the middle class emerge under capitalism? What consequences did this bring for society? How did Hitler manipulate the middle class? Would Hitler and Nazism have had a different effect without the support of the middle class? What other examples in history used the weight of the middle class?

Essay Topic 2

Explain how an individual's freedom has changed over time. Begin with Fromm's discussion of freedom during the Middle Ages and continue with the changes freedom saw during the Renaissance. Analyze the level of freedom man has during times of conformity, like during Hitler's Nazi regime, and how freedoms are restored in a democratic society.

Essay Topic 3

Analyze Fromm's argument that the Nazi party came to power due to sadomasochistic tendencies. In your response, address the following points:

1). Explain why Hitler was a sadomasochistic leader.

2). Define the roles of submission and dominance in the power of Nazism.

3). Explain what group of people submitted fully to Hitler, and why.

(see the answer keys)

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