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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What view was reaffirmed, for Emerson, in reading Jakob Boehme's "Aurora?"
(a) That God is in one's own heart.
(b) That divine grace is real.
(c) That experience is man's only freedom.
(d) That Freedom is limited by Fate.

2. How was Emerson's 1837 speech at Harvard on the American Scholar received?
(a) With gifts.
(b) With hostility.
(c) With celebration.
(d) With relief.

3. How does Richardson characterize Emerson's exterior personality?
(a) Turbulent.
(b) Calm.
(c) Passionate.
(d) Outspoken.

4. Where did Emerson travel from South Carolina?
(a) Europe.
(b) Florida.
(c) New England.
(d) New York.

5. What was the Transcendental Club?
(a) A symposium.
(b) A lecture series.
(c) A salon.
(d) A school.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Richardson characterize Emerson's second wife?

2. In what movement does Richardson say was Lidian ahead of Emerson?

3. How does Richardson characterize Emerson's relationship with his brothers?

4. What does Richardson say was revealed by the publication of Nature?

5. What does Richardson say is the immovable anchor in Emerson's thought?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did travel change Emerson's intellectual interests?

2. What Quaker belief of Mary Rotch's did Emerson find compelling?

3. What was Emerson's relationship with tuberculosis?

4. How was the period surrounding Emerson's marriage a time of mixed blessings?

5. What was Emerson's relationship with Margaret Fuller?

6. What kinds of images does Richardson say dominated Emerson's thinking and writing in 1836?

7. How close was the Emerson family after Emerson's return from Europe?

8. How did the birth of Emerson's first son change Emerson's intellectual interests?

9. How did Emerson support himself after Harvard?

10. How was Emerson's "American Scholar" talk received?

(see the answer keys)

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