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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Osterholm refer to vaccinations?
(a) As the sharpest arrow in the public health quiver.
(b) As one rung on a ladder of protection.
(c) As the most significant advance by humans in the twentieth century.
(d) As not nearly as important as developing new antibiotics.

2. What is one of the main problems with the flu vaccine, according to Osterholm?
(a) It changes every year.
(b) It is too expensive.
(c) It makes one's arm very sore.
(d) It can only be administered via a nasal spray.

3. Which Greek myth does Osterholm invoke in the beginning of Chapter 11?
(a) The Golden Fleece.
(b) Achilles's Heel.
(c) The Minotaur and the Labyrinth.
(d) Pandora's Box.

4. Who announced in the early 1980s that an AIDS vaccine would be ready within two years?
(a) Secretary of State Casper Williams.
(b) Secretary of State Robards Jasper.
(c) Secretary of Health Margaret Heckler.
(d) Secretary of Health Alexander Williams.

5. What organization did Osterholm found at the University of Minnesota?
(a) CIDRAP.
(b) MRYX.
(c) MARBAP.
(d) CDC.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the director of the NIH, as mentioned by Osterholm in Chapter 10?

2. On whose program did the creator of the polio vaccine announce that he was not patenting the vaccine in 1955?

3. Which organization helped to fund the development of the polio vaccine?

4. What is one of the two metaphors Osterholm uses for fighting viruses throughout the book?

5. In which part of Minnesota did Osterholm investigate an outbreak of diarrheal illness in 1984?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the term Osterholm uses for the process of a microbe moving from one place to another host?

2. What is one of the reasons human are at a disadvantage to microbes?

3. In Chapter 10, what kind of flu strain is Osterholm particularly worried about?

4. In the Introduction, what are the two metaphors for disease that Osterholm sets out for use throughout the book?

5. What is one of the main reasons Osterholm says it is quicker to produce drugs than vaccines?

6. How was Osterholm personally affected by the AIDS epidemic?

7. What are two major diseases the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has put large amounts of money into developing vaccines for?

8. Who is considered one of the first creators of the vaccine, and what illness did this person discover the earliest form of the vaccine for?

9. In Chapter 1, what is the term Osterholm uses for an event that comes as a surprise and is a major disrupting influence on society?

10. Why was the Spanish Flu so named, even though it likely did not originate in Spain?

(see the answer keys)

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