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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the 1918 flu epidemic commonly known as?
(a) The War Flu.
(b) The British Flu.
(c) The Italian Flu.
(d) The Spanish Flu.

2. Who introduced the term "black swan event"?
(a) John Snow.
(b) Nassim Nicholas.
(c) Edward Jenner.
(d) James Curtland.

3. Which doctor was responsible for figuring out the source of a cholera outbreak in London in the 1850s?
(a) John Snow.
(b) Marshall Robards.
(c) Edward Jenner.
(d) Alexander Fleming.

4. About how much money is spent on AIDS vaccine research every year?
(a) About 500 million dollars.
(b) About 100 million dollars.
(c) About one billion dollars.
(d) About 10 million dollars.

5. How many people does the WHO estimate might be infected with latent tuberculosis?
(a) About 500 million people.
(b) About 1 billion people.
(c) About one-third of the world's population.
(d) About half of the world's population.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Osterholm identify as the first pathogen of pandemic potential in Chapter 4?

2. What is one of the main problems with the flu vaccine, according to Osterholm?

3. In what American city did one case of Ebola send shockwaves in 2015?

4. On whose program did the creator of the polio vaccine announce that he was not patenting the vaccine in 1955?

5. What is one way in which a person's immune system can overreact to a pathogen?

Short Essay Questions

1. What common product did Osterholm and his colleagues eventually trace the development of toxic shock syndrome to?

2. What did Osterholm try to emphasize for helping stop the spread of AIDS in the mid-1980s, as separate from vaccines?

3. What was the deadliest pandemic of the modern era?

4. Why was John Snow's work so important in the 1800s?

5. What is one sometimes fatal reaction the human body has to microbes, especially in those with strong immune systems?

6. In Osterholm's opinion, how do our influenza vaccines need to change?

7. What is one of the reasons human are at a disadvantage to microbes?

8. In the Introduction, what are the two metaphors for disease that Osterholm sets out for use throughout the book?

9. Why was Dr. Jonas Salk such a hero to so many parents in the 1950s?

10. What is one of the main reasons Osterholm says it is quicker to produce drugs than vaccines?

(see the answer keys)

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