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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where do about 90% of malaria deaths occur in the world?
(a) America.
(b) Sub-Saharan Africa.
(c) India.
(d) The Middle East.

2. Which creature is most responsible for spreading malaria?
(a) Rats.
(b) Cats.
(c) Bats.
(d) Mosquitoes.

3. What is one aspect Osterholm identifies as favorable for virus transmission in his "current world conditions" category in Chapter 8?
(a) Close contact between humans and animals.
(b) Humans sharing more drinks and food.
(c) Humans swimming in rivers.
(d) Humans having more surgeries.

4. What turned out to be causing the diarrheal illness in Minnesota that Osterholm investigated in 1984?
(a) Pathogens on spinach.
(b) Bacteria in raw milk.
(c) Bacteria from a peanut-processing plant.
(d) Pathogens on canteloupes.

5. Who introduced the term "black swan event"?
(a) James Curtland.
(b) Nassim Nicholas.
(c) Edward Jenner.
(d) John Snow.

6. Which chemical did the U.S. Army issue to personnel stationed in areas where there were many mosquitoes?
(a) Liathin.
(b) Lechthin.
(c) Estrogen.
(d) Permethrin.

7. In what year did the CDC recommended universal HIV screening?
(a) 1992.
(b) 2006.
(c) 1998.
(d) 2000.

8. What does Osterholm identify as the first pathogen of pandemic potential in Chapter 4?
(a) Influenza.
(b) Coronavirus.
(c) Marburg.
(d) Penicillin.

9. What is one way in which a person's immune system can overreact to a pathogen?
(a) By producing too many red blood cells.
(b) By producing a cytokine storm.
(c) By producing cancer cells.
(d) By cutting back production of microbiome cells.

10. Which part of Africa did the Ebola outbreak occur in in 2014?
(a) South.
(b) North.
(c) West.
(d) East.

11. What was the American infant mortality rate at the turn of the twentieth century?
(a) 10 - 20%.
(b) 60 - 70%.
(c) 20 - 30%.
(d) 40 - 50%.

12. What can anthrax be hidden in its dried form, according to Osterholm?
(a) Cakes.
(b) Flowers.
(c) Any white powder.
(d) Soil.

13. What group did congress establish in 2006 to help provide a good approach to vaccine development?
(a) The Medical Research and Vaccine Group.
(b) The Jonas Salk Institute for Medical Advancement.
(c) The Vaccine and Public Health Authority.
(d) The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.

14. Which doctor was responsible for figuring out the source of a cholera outbreak in London in the 1850s?
(a) Marshall Robards.
(b) Alexander Fleming.
(c) Edward Jenner.
(d) John Snow.

15. Who created the polio vaccine?
(a) Dr. Edward Murrow.
(b) Dr. Michael Riker.
(c) Dr. Jonas Salk.
(d) Dr. James Curran.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does means of transmission mean in terms of viruses?

2. In Chapter 6, Osterholm emphasizes that anthrax is not which of the following kinds of diseases?

3. In Chapter 8, who is considered one of the founders of vaccinations?

4. How much does Osterholm claim the worldwide pharmaceutical industry had in revenue in 2014?

5. Which former president of Harvard University does Osterholm quote in Chapter 8?

(see the answer keys)

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