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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Approximately how many chemicals are in use by industry today?

2. Where does Bill go to study?

3. The Industrial Revolution functions on the idea of brute force. What is meant by this phrase as used by the authors?

4. Which words best describe the focus of production in factories during the Industrial Revolution?

5. Which products are the best examples of the brute force mentality?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe how early industrialists considered nature and the environment.

2. Describe why books are traditionally difficult to recycle and how this book itself is a more positive design.

3. Explain how recycling is problematic and a poor solution to positive design.

4. Describe the idea of eco-efficiency and how it proposes to solve the industry, consumer, and environment problems.

5. Describe how Michael ends up working for the German Environmental Protection Agency.

6. Describe the negative consequences the Industrial Revolution has on the environment and human health.

7. Describe the vision that both Bill and Michael have for the future of the environment.

8. What challenges does Michael face while working for the Environmental Protection Agency?

9. What do the authors mean by "crude product"? Also, give an example.

10. Explain the focus and attitude of the Industrial Revolution.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the ideas of "less-bad" design and "completely positive" design. How does each idea affect the environment, industry, and consumers? What is the philosophy behind each design idea? What is the goal of each idea? What materials should be involved in the designs for each idea?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the effect that industrialization of agricultural systems has had on food supplies around the world.

Part 1. Explain what has happened to food supplies in Egypt since the industrialization of agriculture. What natural system has typically maintained Egyptian agriculture? Why has it been eliminated?

Part 2. Describe some traditional agricultural practices that have been replaced by industrial agriculture.

Part 3. Describe the costs and benefits of modern agricultural practices on society and the environment.

Essay Topic 3

Describe the reconstruction design and accomplishments of Ford's River Ridge factory in Dearborn, Michigan. Cover the following points in your writing.

1. Explain how is water used and maintained in and around the factory.

2. Describe how the design is meant to make workers feel.

3. Describe how the design meets the authors' goals of putting eco-effectiveness into practice.

(see the answer keys)

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