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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which American President issued a proclamation stating that the U.S. had the right to control mineral resources on its continental shelf?
(a) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
(b) Woodrow Wilson.
(c) Franklin D. Roosevelt.
(d) Harry S. Truman.

2. Which author's novel described too many fishermen on the banks working the same grounds.
(a) Auden.
(b) Stevenson.
(c) Thoreau.
(d) Kipling.

3. Which London newspaper reported that the Icelanders were very difficult to deal with in the third Cod War?
(a) The Financial Times.
(b) The Times.
(c) The Daily Mirror.
(d) The Guardian.

4. What does not grow native to Iceland?
(a) Grass.
(b) Flowers.
(c) Trees.
(d) Vines.

5. What is it called when a net is dragged along the ocean floor?
(a) Skim dragging.
(b) Crabbing.
(c) Bottom trawling.
(d) Deep sounding.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which schooner is now tied up as part of a maritime museum in Nova Scotia?

2. Who were infamous on the Grand Banks for the harshness of their working conditions?

3. Which international organization met in 1973 to expand ocean sovereignty?

4. What were sail-powered draggers called?

5. Who was the longtime director of Iceland's Marine Research Institute and one of the negotiators during the third Cod War?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is pair fishing?

2. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

3. How did the invention of filleting machinery change New England's cod fishing industry?

4. What skills did fishermen learn in the wake of the imposition of 200-mile zones?

5. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

6. How did the British respond to being asked to change their preference for fried cod as the cod catch continued to decline?

7. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

8. What served as buoys and what were they used for in early cod fishing?

9. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

10. Why did it take over seventy years for Europeans to convert their cod fishing fleets to engine power?

(see the answer keys)

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