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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. 16th century salt was produced by _____.
(a) Evaporation.
(b) Mining.
(c) Chemical extraction.
(d) Erosion.

2. What was the premier French fishing port in Newfoundland in the early 16th century?
(a) Bayonne.
(b) Le Grys.
(c) Le Cygne.
(d) La Rochelle.

3. Which now-extinct bird would flock overhead and darken the sky in 16th century North America?
(a) Mariana mallards.
(b) White-winged sandpipers.
(c) Lorikeets.
(d) Passenger pigeons.

4. What were lobsters considered to be by the Pilgrims?
(a) Pests.
(b) Delicacies.
(c) Pets.
(d) Sea monsters.

5. Where was the Puritan minister, Francis Higgenson, from?
(a) New York.
(b) Gloucester.
(c) Salem.
(d) Plymouth.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the author, what is the most notable sport the Basques are known for?

2. What did the Pilgrims fail to bring to North America that would aid in their survival?

3. What is the scientific name for cod?

4. What is the Basque language called?

5. Who was sent to Guiana as a death sentence in the 16th century?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened in Grindavík, Iceland in 1532?

2. Why were New Englanders first drawn to the Caribbean in terms of trade?

3. What type of ocean currents do cod prefer?

4. Describe the Georges Bank and why this was a good fishing area for cod.

5. How did John Cabot and his brother die?

6. Why was the French salt tax particularly hated and what war did it become a grievance for?

7. How did the Basques become known for preserving cod?

8. Why did Bartholomew Gosnold return to Britain from his voyage in 1602?

9. Why did the Royal Fishery accountant, John Collins, publish a book on salt in 1682?

10. How did the Vikings survive the desolate landscapes of Greenland and Stoneland?

(see the answer keys)

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