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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Cicero in On Law, when can oratory have a moral impact?

2. What description was given of Caesar before he was killed?

3. To what extent had Rome changed when Cicero returned in Chapter 11?

4. How much work did On the State require?

5. How did Cicero respond to Octavian as Consul and the forming of the Second Triumvirate?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened to cause a Second Triumvirate and the end of the Republic?

2. What did the conspirators against Caesar do as a way to diminish his reputation?

3. How was Cicero killed?

4. What did Cicero do when saw the changes in Rome as he returned at age sixty?

5. How did Cicero begin his writing in 55 B.C.?

6. How did Pompey ask for Cicero's help against Caesar in Chapter 10?

7. How did Cicero respond to the personal events he endured in 46 B.C.?

8. Which contributions did Cicero make through his philosophical works?

9. What unwavering qualities are the most remembered about Cicero?

10. How was Cicero victorious over Antony?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast Cicero and Caesar, their characters, their time as Consul, and the decisions they made, particularly Cicero's refusal to help Caesar at a key point in Ancient Roman history.

Essay Topic 2

Catalina was an enemy of Cicero while he was Consul.

1) Describe how Cicero was elected Consul and the start of Catalina's conspiracy.

2) Explain Catalina's conspiracy and how it was thwarted by Cicero.

2) Analyze the intended and unintended consequences of Cicero's actions in stopping Catalina's conspiracy.

Essay Topic 3

Describe in detail the association between politics and law, using Cicero's political campaigns as an example.

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