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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Carnegie eliminates the costly fire insurance on his wooden buildings by replacing them with what?
(a) Steel structures.
(b) Iron structures.
(c) Copper structures.
(d) Bronze structurse.

2. Small firms operate iron furnaces to smelt ore into _______ iron.
(a) Pig.
(b) Horse.
(c) Elephant.
(d) Bull.

3. Historically, management of the Carnegie companies resulted in _____ labor difficulties before the Homestead strike.
(a) Hundreds of.
(b) Quite a few.
(c) Few.
(d) Many.

4. Tom Miller is a _________ man who forms joint ventures with Carnegie in several small investments. They form Freedom Iron Company of Lewiston Pennsylvania in 1861 that Carnegie restructures into Freedom Iron and Steel to retool for the Bessemer process in 1866.
(a) Technology.
(b) Railroad.
(c) Industrial.
(d) Automobile.

5. Carnegie corrects this deficiency by integrating _______________________.
(a) Keystone Bridge and Union Iron.
(b) Sun Oil and US Oil.
(c) Pullman and Woodruff.
(d) Pennsylvania Railroad with Pacific Union.

Short Answer Questions

1. Carnegie's pace of ___________ replacement needs continuous reinvestment of profits to the exclusion of significant dividend payments.

2. Phipps buys flue-cinder at fifty cents a ton and sells puddle-cinder at ________ per ton to improve Lucy furnace product and save money.

3. When Carnegie decides what furnace is more effective, he orders six more to be built immediately.

4. The process takes longer than expected, but by 1868 production begins, and expansion is planned in what year?

5. A second dimension necessary to effect this integration is the implementation of what system?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Carnegie hire Alexander Holley?

2. What does Carnegie do between 1872 and 1889?

3. Describe Duqesne Steel.

4. What happens when Carnegie goes to Scotland?

5. What does Phipps suggest to Carnegie? How does Carnegie benefit from this?

6. Describe Carnegie's partners at this time.

7. Describe Captain Bill Jones' management of labor.

8. What is a second dimension necessary to effect this integration?

9. How is Rockefeller involved in Carnegie's business?

10. What does Schwab do for the business?

(see the answer keys)

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