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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the consequence of the 'unconditional surrender' statement, according to the author?
(a) It likely prolonged the war by three years.
(b) It provided a moral lode star.
(c) It resulted in stronger resistance from the Axis forces.
(d) International condemnation.

2. What opportunity had been lost through what was referred to as a poorly executed bad plan to take Fondouk gap?
(a) Preventing Messe's troops from reaching Tunis.
(b) Destroying Rommel's forces in a pinching move.
(c) Capturing several air fields which would have resulted in Allied air superiority.
(d) Capturing Arnim.

3. What strategic assessment did Arnim and Rommel agree on?
(a) That the high command should focus on air power first and tank power second.
(b) That indecisive Allied commanders would not take the offensive in 1943.
(c) That a 200 mile long bridgehead could be held without the assistance of Italian troops.
(d) That high command must either provide sufficient supplies to the African armies or they would need to abandon Tunisia althogether.

4. Drake's command "Bust the Balloon," meant what:
(a) Decamp.
(b) Surrender.
(c) Spike the guns.
(d) Attack.

5. Ultra was able to intercept a German message that informed them the 21st Panzer Division had been ordered forward and that Sunday was to a-day for an operation by Arnim's Fifth Panzer Army. What vital piece of information was missing that would have better prepared the Allies?
(a) The location of the attack.
(b) That the attack force was in fact much larger.
(c) That an unprecidented show of air superiority was also planned.
(d) That this attack had also been canceled.

6. Who was General Nehring replaced by?
(a) Captain Wilhelm Knoche.
(b) Field Marshal Albert Kesselring.
(c) Field Marshal erwin Rommel.
(d) General Hans-Jurgen von Arnim.

7. What aspect of command played an important part in the Axis' stalling operation OCHSENKOPF?
(a) Arnim's pessimism.
(b) Kesselring's optimism.
(c) Hitler's distractions in Russia.
(d) Rommel's risk taking.

8. Who did Montgomery have a picture of above his desk?
(a) Churchill.
(b) Queen Victoria.
(c) George Washington.
(d) Rommel.

9. Eisenhower promoted Clark to take command of the new 5th Army, who filled the vacancy to command II Corps?
(a) Major General Omar N. Bradley.
(b) General George S. Patton.
(c) General Harold Alexander.
(d) Major General Lloyd Fredendall.

10. Who said the following: "...infantry, like whiskey, loses potency when diluted."
(a) Ernest Hemmingway.
(b) Winston Churchill.
(c) Major General Terry Allen.
(d) Ernie Pyle.

11. Who made the following statement: "It is pardonable to be defeated, but unpardonable to be surprised."
(a) Drake.
(b) Luttrell.
(c) Eisenhower.
(d) Morre.

12. According to the author, how had Eisenhower been "outflanked" by the British in the Casablanca conference?
(a) His command structure was changed to put three British deputies, with independent authority, below him to oversee air, land and sea operations.
(b) The position of a British general to oversee British and French troops was created, to be filled at a later date.
(c) A special envoy was forced upon him to assist with political matters.
(d) He was forced to relocate his operations office back to Gibralter where the British felt they could have better oversight.

13. Who wrote the following after the drubbing in Sbeitla: "There is nothing wrong with the common American soldier. His fighting spirit is good. His morale is okay. The deeper he gets into a fight, the more of a fighting man he becomes."
(a) Ernie Pyle.
(b) Paul Robinett.
(c) Dwight Eisenhower.
(d) Charles Perry.

14. What was stated as the reason for the decision to defer the advance on Tunis?
(a) French political issues.
(b) A German re-supply.
(c) Bad weather.
(d) American supply issues.

15. What did Ward, Robinette and Dickson try to convince Fredendall, Eisenhower and Anderson of?
(a) That the German attack would not strike at the North.
(b) That the Germans would attack, in concentration, in the North.
(c) That the Germans would not attack until Spring.
(d) That the Allies were arranged in a dangerous position that allowed flanking by the Axis.

Short Answer Questions

1. What plan did the British press on their American counterparts during the conference?

2. What was operation SYMBOL?

3. By January 24th 1943, heavy French casualties and prisoner-of-war-losses prompted what important change of heart in the French command?

4. Who made the following criticism: "The best way to describe our operations to date, is that they have violated every recognized principle of war, are in conflict with all operational and logistic methods laid down in textbooks, and will be condemned, in their entirety, by all Leavenworth and war college classes for the next twenty-five years."

5. Which state was disproportionately hit with casualties in the War in North Africa?

(see the answer keys)

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