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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. ____ told Luther that his plea to be heard was one always used by heretics.

2. Luther was accused of _____.

3. Humanism, by definition, promoted the downfall of ____.

4. What movement was about to begin?

5. Luther was eventually tried before the ______ of Worms.

Short Essay Questions

1. Examine Luther's stand in Wittenberg.

2. What events occurred due to Pope Clement's lack of ability as a politician?

3. How did the Catholics respond to Protestants and other heretics? Catholics urged reforms to stop people leaving the church for Protestantism. They fought against the Protestants, referring to them as heretics. The Church would use military and political action as its primary means. Every aspect of Protestantism would be condemned in bulls, but the rebel faiths did well. Heresy would not be tolerated on pain of death.

4. Examine the basic history of Magellan.

5. What were some of the issues that were facing the medieval world as Magellan set out to sea?

6. Luther was not arrested during his appeal. What court proceeding soon followed?

7. What issues faced explorers at this time?

8. Examine Pope Leo's take on the Reformation.

9. Examine the position of Henry VIII at this time.

10. How did the Catholic Church raise money shortly before the start of the Reformation?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write a biography of Ferdinand Magellan. Be sure to include his past, history and experience as a soldier and seaman, actions taken to arrange and fund the voyage. Also include his aspirations. Cite sources where necessary.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss Manchester's view of the Renaissance and Reformation. Do you feel that Manchester presented a complete picture? Do you feel that the information was objective? Explain. What areas of the history of the Renaissance and Reformation are most interesting to you? How do you think your life has been affected by these events? Explain.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss Tetzel's challenge to Luther. What was the challenge? Why did Tetzel make the challenge? Why was Tetzel sure he would win? What was Luther's reaction? What was the reaction of the people? Who won the battle?

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