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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How often does Xenophon describe the way money is raised?

2. What is the major issue of the second chapter?

3. How were a majority of people in the military compensated in the classical era?

4. What years do the events of the book take place?

5. What factor was heavily considered when choosing the ranks of military officers in ancient times?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened to Thibron after he returned to Sparta and why?

2. What is the point of Cyrus's story as it is told by Xenophon?

3. How many ships were used in water and shoreline battles, and which locations are mentioned as receiving the most fighting in the first chapter?

4. What famous philosopher did Xenophon know, and how does that provide insight into certain historical events?

5. How is Xenophon's writing style compared to contemporary writers?

6. What was used to make trophies and when were they usually presented?

7. Why was Xenophon's loyalty questioned when he served in the Athenian military?

8. As Xenophon's stories display, how might fighting wars be a necessary step towards peace?

9. Displaying Xenophon's point about loyalty, what suggestion did the lower ranking soldiers make after the exile of multiple mid-range officers, and how was their suggestion received?

10. According to the editor, Betty Radice, what is the difference between a memoir and history?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Athens and Sparta have a storied history throughout Xenophon's life, which provides the backdrop and conclusion for his story.

1) Chronicle the changing positions of Athens and Sparta during Xenophon's life and times.

2) Describe the alliance formed between Athens and Sparta, the agreement reached, and the battles that are fought as a result of their combined efforts.

3) Analyze the trials and tribulations that the city of Arcadia experiences, including how they become self-reliant, the troubles that threaten to tear the city apart, and why Xenophon might have decided to end his story with them.

Essay Topic 2

Explain the example presented by Xenophon of how a city is almost attacked by soldiers in order to raise funds. Provide an analysis of the events that lead the soldiers to make the decision, the system they use to confirm it, the interference of a politician, and the results.

Essay Topic 3

The issue of funding is an important one for military operations to continue.

1) Explain the use of funds during a war including why it is vital for a military to raise the money.

2) Describe the different options the ancient military had in raising funds for a war or campaign.

3) Analyze the situation of the sailors in Chios and the hardships they encounter there.

(see the answer keys)

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