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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. By resolving the question of whether Jesus was human or divine, Christians inevitably had to conclude that _______.

2. A consequence of God being presumed to exist as a separate external entity is that he assumes the attributes of _______________.

3. What is the belief stated in this doctrine?

4. During the twelfth century, European scholars had flocked to Spain to study ____________.

5. This competing philosophy formed the basis of the theology of __________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What took place despite the conservatism occasioned by the rise of the Shariah laws and the suppression of independent reasoning in the Sunni madrasahs?

2. Describe the life of Muhammad prior to his epiphany.

3. What led to a rift with the Quraysh? To what did this rift lead?

4. Who were the Zionists?

5. What does Armstrong say about the old tribal God standing judgment of the individual?

6. Describe the Faylasufs' notion of God.

7. What are the differences regarding mysticism in the Christian church?

8. Why was the idea of a personal God developed by all three of the monotheistic religions? What are its dangers?

9. What does Armstrong say about the Sufis and Abu Walid ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd?

10. What happens to Sufism during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The 15th and 16th centuries affected all three major monotheistic religions.

Part 1) What took place during these centuries? How did this affect these three major religions?

Part 2) How do these effects reflect changes that had already taken place? How were the affects of the 15th and 16th centuries foreshadowed?

Part 3) How are these changes seen today? How do these three religions continue to evolve today?

Essay Topic 2

Armstrong asks the question of whether God has a future.

Part 1) What is Armstrong's survey of our world today? How does she validate her points?

Part 2) What does Armstrong believe mankind should do regarding their beliefs about God? Why?

Part 3) What strong movements does Armstrong see in each religion? How does she feel about these movements? Why does she feel this way? How do you feel about these movements? How do you see them affecting mankind?

Essay Topic 3

Philosophy has influenced religion.

Part 1) How did Greek science and philosophy exert a strong influence on Arab culture in the 9th century? How did this lead to a rational approach regarding God? How did these various beliefs affect Islam?

Part 2) What parallel events occurred in Jewish culture? Why did these events occur? What was the outcome?

Part 3) How were Christian theologians also affected by philosophy and beliefs contrary to the initial religious beliefs? How did this change Christianity?

Part 4) How is religion still evolving, based on beliefs and ideas of today?

(see the answer keys)

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