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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Possibly under the influence of the collapsing Roman Empire and the consequent beginning of an epoch of chaos, what ideas did Augustine develop?
(a) Jesus Christ as the Son of God and God as the Father.
(b) God as the protector of the Israelites and the Gentiles.
(c) Original sin and the separation of humankind from the perfect God along with the necessity for atonement for sin.
(d) The Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer.

2. The concept of a Divine Trinity is largely the result of the teachings of ____________.
(a) Jesus.
(b) John.
(c) Paul.
(d) Augustine.

3. In the seventh century CE, Muhammad's tribe was emerging from the obscurity of nomadic life in the desert to ________________.
(a) A life of constant immigration.
(b) A life of successful international trading.
(c) A hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
(d) Mercantile livelihoods.

4. The emergence of the cult of Jesus from the established church of Judaism was accompanied by passionate dispute, and many disciples of Jesus ____________.
(a) Left the Jewish faith.
(b) Remained within the conventional Jewish faith.
(c) Started their own religion.
(d) Lost faith in religion.

5. This competing philosophy formed the basis of the theology of __________.
(a) The Roman Catholic Church.
(b) The Eastern Orthodox Church.
(c) The Lutheran Church.
(d) The Mormon Church.

6. To rationalize the shock of his death by crucifixion, his followers subscribed to the belief that ________.
(a) He had risen from death to immortality and that he had been, indeed, the promised Messiah.
(b) He had not died.
(c) He had died peacefully.
(d) He is seated at the right hand of the Father.

7. This city is located in what is now the Western province of ____________.
(a) Saudi Arabia.
(b) Israel.
(c) Iraq.
(d) Iran.

8. A consequence of God being presumed to exist as a separate external entity is that he assumes the attributes of _______________.
(a) A god.
(b) A human being.
(c) A king.
(d) Satan.

9. What was considered blasphemous by Jews and later by Muslims?
(a) Manifest Destiny.
(b) God the Father.
(c) The Ark of the Covenant.
(d) The Trinity.

10. In the early years of his mission, Muhammad gathered many converts, especially from among ____________.
(a) The non-Muslim generation.
(b) Female groups.
(c) The younger generation.
(d) The older generation.

11. The Jews tried to modify this theory ____________.
(a) To allow God more power over humanity.
(b) To allow God to have more control.
(c) To allow God more time to create the world.
(d) To allow God a certain degree of spontaneity and free will.

12. What tribe was Muhammad a member of?
(a) Sunni.
(b) Quraysh.
(c) Mohecan.
(d) Blackhawk.

13. Bernard's influence outshone that of ____________.
(a) The bourgeoisie.
(b) Pope Eugene II and King Louis VII of France.
(c) Other priests.
(d) The Jews and Muslims.

14. In 622 CE, accepting an invitation from the inhabitants of Yathrib, Muhammad and his followers migrated to ______.
(a) What is the modern city of Cairo.
(b) What is the modern city of Baghdad.
(c) What is the modern city of Medina to the north of Mecca.
(d) What is the modern city of Jerusalem.

15. Why are theories and philosophies not designed to convince unbelievers?
(a) There were, at that point in time, no people called agnostics.
(b) There were, at that point in time, no people called atheists.
(c) All people were Christians.
(d) All people were atheists.

Short Answer Questions

1. The early followers of Jesus prayed _____________.

2. Muhammad experienced his epiphany during ___________.

3. The Romans, initially regarded Christianity as _____________.

4. By resolving the question of whether Jesus was human or divine, Christians inevitably had to conclude that _______.

5. The question that was resolved at a synod was called by the Emperor Constantine at __________.

(see the answer keys)

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