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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who demonstrated that an atom is made up of electrons orbiting a nucleus made up of protons?
(a) Ernest Rutherford.
(b) Albert Einstein.
(c) James Chadwick.
(d) Murray Gell-Mann.

2. What travels at the speed of 186,000 miles per second?
(a) Sound.
(b) Waves.
(c) Electrons.
(d) Light.

3. In what year did Edwin Hubble discover galaxies outside of our own?
(a) 1954.
(b) 1934.
(c) 1942.
(d) 1924.

4. How close is the closest star, other than the sun, to earth?
(a) About 3 light years distant.
(b) About 5 light years distant.
(c) About 5 light years distant.
(d) About 4 light years distant.

5. The universe is largely made up of what?
(a) Dark matter.
(b) Empty space.
(c) Planets.
(d) Stars.

Short Answer Questions

1. Heisenberg and Erwin Shrodinger developed what reformulation of standard mechanics?

2. In what year did Stephen Hawking enter the Royal Society of London?

3. The point at which the force of a black hole becomes so strong that nothing can escape is called what?

4. As an observer's velocity comes close to the speed of light, the observer's mass does what?

5. In what year did Wolfgang Pauli bring the exclusion principle to physics?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the six varieties of quarks?

2. What is one way that scientists determine that subatomic particles exist?

3. How did Einstein observe Brownian motion?

4. Why do physicists of Stephen Hawking's caliber not make assumptions about the nature of the universe?

5. What do religious explanations to fundamental questions of the universe reveal?

6. Light behaves in which two manners?

7. What determines whether a star can become a black hole?

8. In 1687 Newton published mathematical formulas that do what?

9. Why can nothing move faster than the speed of light according to the theory of relativity?

10. What are some characteristics of a black hole?

(see the answer keys)

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