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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which black poet and leader proclaimed after World War I, "We return from fighting! We return fighting! Make way for democracy!" (66)?
(a) James Weldon Johnson.
(b) Richard Wright.
(c) Langston Hughes.
(d) W.E.B. Du Bois.

2. The first race riot of the Red Summer took place in what US state?
(a) Virginia.
(b) Georgia.
(c) Texas.
(d) South Carolina.

3. On what date did President Woodrow Wilson take action in regard to the Washington, D.C. race riots described in Chapter 3: The Red Summer?
(a) July 22.
(b) September 30.
(c) August 1.
(d) July 29.

4. How many black people were arrested in the melee termed the Elaine Massacre?
(a) 122.
(b) 69.
(c) 294.
(d) 43.

5. What newspaper was "the most widely read black publication" (67) in the year 1919?
(a) The Chicago Defender.
(b) The Chicago Rally.
(c) The Chicago Freedom Fighter.
(d) The Chicago Tribune.

Short Answer Questions

1. The May Day parade in Cleveland ended with how many people dead?

2. The first race riot of the Red Summer took place in what city?

3. How many "suspected anarchists and Communists" (104) were arrested by federal agents in Communist raids on November 9, 1919?

4. Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and served as head of state from 1917 to 1922?

5. The Great Migration refers to the period of mass movement of black people in America from what area of United States to the North?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the significance of the date January 2, 1920?

2. Who coined the phrase the Red Summer and why?

3. What effect did the words of W.E.B. Du Bois have on black Americans returning from serving in World War I?

4. What world event occurred in 1917 that helped to fuel the first Red Scare?

5. When and where did "1919's most murderous acts of violence" (82) take place?

6. What did the Northern United States symbolize for the famous writer Richard Wright?

7. How long did the tragic period entitled the Red Summer last?

8. Discuss an example of irony Sandler points out within a particular historical event.

9. How were the expectations of black American soldiers dashed when they returned from fighting in World War I?

10. Who was the leader of the second Red Scare and when did it occur?

(see the answer keys)

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