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After the assassination in 1208 of Philip of Swabia, one of the claimants to the German throne, Pope Innocent crowns Otto IV Emperor of the Romans in 1209. In return, Otto recognizes Church territorial claims in central Italy.
Pope Innocent III places England under interdict and excommunicates King John during a dispute over filling the vacant archbishopric of Canterbury. John finally accedes to the Pope's wishes in 1213.
Theodore Lascaris establishes the empire of Nicaea, which becomes a Byzantine government in exile.
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This section contains 87 words (approx. 1 page at 300 words per page) |
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