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Pope Nicholas II (reigns 1059-1061) decrees that seven cardinal (pre-eminent) bishops should be solely responsible for electing a new pope, thus eliminating any secular ruler from the selection process. The Church, however, is unable to enforce this ruling until the papal election of 1085.
Byzantine emperor Isaac I Comnenus abdicates in favor of Constantine X (Ducas).
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This section contains 62 words (approx. 1 page at 300 words per page) |
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