Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

Patricia Bradley, Slavery, Propaganda, and the American Revolution. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.

David Eltis, The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Oscar Reiss, Blacks in Colonial America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1997.