Public Display. For most Roman citizens the only way to learn about the new discoveries made abroad was through the triumphal displays made by victorious generals upon their return from some exotic locale. The parades put forth not only the loot taken from the defeated but also descriptive media, such as paintings of the faraway lands and rivers, or placards with slogans describing the conquered. Prisoners of war and hostages would also take part, wearing the clothing of their native land and speaking among themselves in languages incomprehensible to their spectators. An understanding of the nature of this first outlay of new information helps the modern student to understand the Roman attitudes toward, and motivations for, exploration. The Arch of Titus, celebrating the sack of Jerusalem, shows a triumph in progress; the Jewish menora is immediately recognizable—an...