Austria (Habsburg Empire) — Emperor Francis (1804-1835); Ferdinand (1835-1848); Francis Joseph (1848-1916)

China — Emperor Jia-qing (1796 — 1820); Tao Kuang (1820-1850)

France — Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814, 1815); Napoleon II (1815); King Louis XVIII (1814, 1815-1824); Charles X (1824-1830); Louis Philippe (1830-1848); Louis Napoleon (later Emperor Napoleon III), president 1848-1852

Great Britain — King George III (1760-1820); George, Prince of Wales, regent (1811-1820), King George IV (1820-1830); William IV (1830-1837); Queen Victoria (1837-1901); Prime Ministers: Lord Liverpool (1812-1827); George Canning (1827); Lord Goderich (1827-1828); Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (1828-1830); Charles, 2nd Earl Grey (1830-1834); Lord Melbourne (1834, 1835-1839, 1839-1841); Robert Peel (1834, 1841-1845, 1845-1846); Lord John Russell (1846-1852)

Japan — Emperor Kokaku (1779-1817); Ninko (1817-1846); Komei (1846-1867); Shoguns Ienari (1786-1837); Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

Ottoman Empire (Turkey) — Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839); Abdul Mejid I (1839-1861)

Prussia — King Frederick William III (1797-1840); Frederick William IV (1840-1861)

Russia — Tsar Alexander I (1801-1825); Nicholas I (1825-1855)

Spain — King Ferdinand...