Republican Ideology. The end of the War of 1812, with Andrew Jackson's decisive defeat of the British at the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815, brought a burst of American national pride along with crucial economic, political, and cultural changes. Victory over England dealt a deathblow to the Federalist Party, whose flirtation with New England secession in 1814 had been sidelined by Jackson's victory. Thomas Jefferson's embargoes and sharply diminished trade with Europe during the war had triggered a considerable increase in American manufacturing in order to supply goods that would otherwise have been imported from Europe, laying the groundwork for the American Industrial Revolution. As the nation's cities grew larger, more impersonal, and more threatening, however, the faith Americans had placed in the ideal of the independent citizen-farmer became shakier. The republican ideology that had buttressed the American Revolution had rested on the belief that private interest must be...