Annexing: Adding a new state or possession to the existing United States of America.

"Big stick" foreign policy: Theodore Roosevelt's theory that in diplomatic efforts, it was wise to "speak softly and carry a big stick," meaning that one should attempt peaceful solutions while at the same time being prepared to back up the talk with action when necessary.

Civil Service: All nonmilitary personnel employed by the federal government.

Industrialization: The use of machinery for manufacturing goods.

Isthmus: A narrow tract of land between two large and separate bodies of water.

Monroe Doctrine: A policy statement issued during the presidency of James Monroe (1817-25) that explained the position of the United States on the activities of European powers in the Western Hemisphere. Of major significance was the stand of the United States against European intervention in the affairs of the Americas.

Muckrakers: A circle...