Some people seeking justice or vengeance, such as renowned Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, continue to look for Nazi war criminals. For some time there were doubts as to whether certain high officials like Martin Bormann or even Hitler had died. Those two were dead, but many others lived comfortably with different identities (and sometimes in the open) in places like Argentina, Paraguay, and Syria.

One man who was found alive was Adolf Eichmann, the SS official responsible for the deportation of Jews. Israeli secret agents tracked him down at his home on Garibaldi Street in Buenos Aires and spirited him away to Jerusalem, where he was tried and convicted. To this day, he is the only person ever to be executed in Israel.

The United States set up the Office of Special Investigation in 1979 to track down Nazis who entered the country...