Crusader States. After the fall of Jerusalem in 1099 the Crusaders began their control over the various lands and cities that they had captured. Refusing to give these territorial gains either to the Byzantine emperor or to make them papal fiefs as desired by Pope Urban II, the Crusaders set up their own kingdoms: Bohemond Guiscard took Antioch and the area around it; Baldwin of Bouillon captured Edessa to the northeast; Raymond of St. Gilles established a kingdom in Tripoli (although its seat of power was elsewhere until Tripoli fell in 1109); and Godfrey of Bouillon, who had become the leader of the Crusaders after many other nobles had returned to Europe, became the king of Jerusalem. Yet, most of the Crusaders wanted to return home. They had been traveling under the harshest conditions for more than three years, and most had...