In 1876 Johns Hopkins University opened in Baltimore with a mission different from that of any other American university. Under the leadership of President Daniel Coit Gilman, Johns Hopkins provided extensive nonprofessional graduate study similar to that available at German universities. Nearly all of the fifty-three faculty members had doctorates from institutions in Berlin, Heidelberg, Jena, and Halle, and this new center of graduate learning soon attracted scores of scholars whose work would spread the new ideals of study to other institutions in the United States. Among them were Josiah Royce and John Dewey in philosophy and psychology, Henry C. Adams and John Commons in political economy, J. Franklin Jameson and Woodrow Wilson (who later became president of the United States) in history and political science, and Edmund B. Wilson and E. G. Conklin in biology.

The Model Becomes Popular.

Many eastern...