The famous historian Ouyan Xiu was one of several scholars who advocated the revitalization of Confucianism and condemned Buddhism.

Tung Chung-shu was concerned at this and retired to devote himself to the practice of Confucianism, for he knew that when the way of Confucius was made clear, the other schools would cease. This is the effect of practicing what is fundamental in order to overcome Buddhism.

These days a tall warrior clad in armor and bearing a spear may surpass in bravery a great army, yet when he sees the Buddha he bows low and when he hears the doctrines of the Buddha he is sincerely awed and persuaded. Why? Because though he is indeed strong and full of vigor, in his heart he is confused and has nothing to cling to. But when a scholar who is small and frail and afraid...